Terpenes! What are they?
Natural medicines are commonly thought of as either the following two cannabinoids: Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or Cannabidiol (CBD). These cannabinoids are then typically classed as either Indica (night-time) or Sativa (day-time) to determine their potential applications. Whilst this can be a useful starting point, it’s also important to be aware of a natural medicine’s terpene profile.
So, what even are Terpenes?
Terpenes are hydrocarbon molecules found in natural compounds such as plants and oils that produce a unique aroma or scent. Whilst this helps craft a plant’s unique flavour profile, it may also influence the outcome of a natural medicine’s effect.
The Entourage Effect
There is a theory referred to as “The Entourage Effect” that states that all components of a plant work better together than individually. Whilst the research is limited, the theory suggests that terpenes could serve as ‘effect-drivers” when paired with cannabinoids and other components of a plant.
Currently, the evidence to support the pharmacological impact of terpenes on their own or in synergy with cannabinoids is unclear. Further research is required to understand the clinical significance of terpenes in natural medicine therapy.
Examples of Key Terpenes Found in Natural Medicines
There are over 100 different types of Terpenes present on the cannabis plant, each producing their own aromas and potential impact. Here are a few common terpenes:
Myrcene
- Found in: Mango, Thyme, Lemongrass
- Aromas: Musk, Earth, Citrus
- Potential uses: Inflammatory Conditions, Relaxing, Pain management
Limonene
- Found in: Lemon, Fruit Rinds, Juniper
- Aromas: Citrus, Lemon, Orange
- Potential uses: Digestion, Immune Boost, Stress
Pinene
- Found in: Pine Trees, Cinnamon, Basil, Rosemary, Dill
- Aromas: Earthy, Wood
- Potential uses: Digestion, Immune Boost, Stress
Linalool
- Found in: Lavender, Citrus Plants, Roses
- Aromas: Sweet, Floral
- Potential uses: Mood, Sleep
Caryophyllene
- Found in: Black Pepper, Cloves, Cotton
- Aromas: Pepper, Wood, Spice, Herbal
- Potential uses: Pain management, Inflammatory Conditions, Mood
In Summary
Terpenes play an important role in creating a plant’s flavour profile, however further studies are required to support “The Entourage Effect” Theory. As with all emerging therapies, clinical evidence and research is required to support and guide clinical decisions made by Healthcare Professionals. Treatment plans should always be made in consult with a Doctor to ensure the best health outcome and minimise any potential harm.
